 Linking the importance of personal and business ethics to that of professional ethics, including the various difficulties associated with these elements of ethics.  A practical approach to capture the essence of the principles on which our professional ethics is founded, the framework that enables us to apply it, and the process of identifying and addressing threats to ethical principles.  Specific coverage on each of the threat indicators from Parts 2 and 3 of the IESBA Code of Ethics, as well as elements incorporated from the SAIT and CIMA Codes of Ethics, and how to address them.  The expectations placed upon the professional accountant in response to NOCLAR.  A practical discussion of the most common areas prone to unethical behaviour in practice and how to caution against rationalisations and justifications.  An overview of the impact of technology and the digital environment on the accounting professional, and how members are to adapt their ethical approach in light of constant change.  This course excludes coverage of Part 4 of the IESBA Code of Ethics that applies to audit and assurance engagements.